How to Make a Smart Purchase When Buying Older Used Cars

Purchasing an older used car can be a great way to save money or find a specific model you love, but it requires more diligence than buying a newer vehicle. Older cars come with unique challenges and considerations, from maintenance history to wear and tear on critical components. Here’s what you need to know to make an informed decision.

 

Maintenance History is Key

Proper maintenance is the single most important factor in determining the longevity of an older car. Look for records that show regular oil changes, timely replacement of critical components like timing belts, and routine inspections.

• Why It Matters: Consistent oil changes prevent internal engine wear. Regular cleaning reduces corrosion on the car to include areas like the suspension and brake components, especially in areas where road salt is common.
• What to Look For: Ask for detailed service records. Missing records could indicate neglect, which may result in costly repairs down the line.

Understand Mileage vs. Usage

Mileage is a good starting point, but it doesn’t tell the whole story.  Buying a lower mileage car is often preferred, but keep in mind that cars are made to run.  When they run, it keeps everything from the motor to the transmission to the shocks and other mechanical parts lubricated.  When a car sits, lubrication does not take place which can cause gaskets and seals to shrink/crack and eventually leak.

• Low Mileage Pitfalls: A car with extremely low mileage may seem like a gem, but frequent short trips or extended periods of inactivity can cause issues. Short trips prevent the engine from reaching optimal temperature, leading to:
  1. Water contamination in the oil.
  2. Rust buildup in the exhaust system.
  1. Shrinking and cracking of seals and gaskets.

Tip: Be cautious of the “little old lady car” scenario. While 12,000 miles over 10 years sounds appealing, the driving habits behind those miles could lead to significant hidden issues.

• High Mileage Considerations: A car with high mileage but primarily highway use is generally in better shape than one used for constant stop-and-go driving. Highway miles put less strain on the engine, brakes, and suspension.

What to Watch: Even with highway miles, neglecting oil changes or other maintenance can lead to accelerated wear and tear.

Inspect the Vehicle Thoroughly

 

An older car requires a more comprehensive inspection than newer models. Here’s what to check:

• Engine and Transmission: Look for leaks, odd noises, and check the fluid condition. Clean, clear fluids are a good sign of proper maintenance.
• Suspension and Brakes: Excessive corrosion or uneven wear can signal past neglect or costly future repairs.
• Undercarriage: Check for rust, especially in regions where road salt is used. Surface rust can be manageable, but structural rust is a red flag.
• Interior: Smells like mold or mildew can indicate leaks or water damage, which can lead to electrical issues.

Always take the car for a thorough test drive at various speeds and road conditions. If you notice vibrations, strange noises, or rough shifting, these could be warning signs of major repairs. A pre-purchase inspection (PPI) from an independent mechanic is strongly recommended to help in possibly identifying hidden problems before committing to the purchase.

If conducting the inspection yourself, find a comprehensive list of items to check and use to systematically cover all parts of the car you hope to purchase.

Learn About the Car’s History

Use tools like Carfax, AutoCheck, or NMVTIS to get a detailed vehicle history report. These reports provide essential details, such as:

• Accidents and repair records.
• Ownership history (e.g., was it a fleet or rental car?).
• Service records, including mileage intervals.

Avoid Common Scams

Older cars are sometimes targets for scams, so be on the lookout for:

• Odometer Fraud: Ensure the mileage matches service records and condition.
• Title Washing: Verify the title’s legitimacy and ensure it isn’t a salvage title cleaned through another state.
• Hidden Damage: A clean history report doesn’t always mean a trouble-free car. Look for signs of poorly repaired damage.

Know What’s Normal for Older Cars

Some wear and tear is inevitable with age. Minor cosmetic issues, like faded paint or small upholstery tears, may not affect the car’s functionality. However, excessive mechanical wear or structural issues should be deal-breakers.

Evaluate the Cost of Ownership

Older cars can come with hidden costs, including:

• Higher repair and maintenance expenses.
• Lower fuel efficiency compared to modern vehicles.
• Insurance rates based on age and condition.

Budget for potential repairs and compare the total cost of ownership to newer alternatives.

Also keep in mind that older cars with simpler engines (non-turbo, naturally aspirated) are often easier and cheaper to repair. Enthusiasts who can perform basic DIY maintenance may save significantly on upkeep.

Be Patient and Do Your Homework

When buying an older car, patience is your best tool. Take the time to:

• Research the specific make and model to learn about common issues and reliability ratings.
• Compare prices across similar vehicles to ensure you’re not overpaying.
• Walk away if something doesn’t feel right—trust your instincts.

By focusing on maintenance history, performing thorough inspections, and understanding how a car’s past usage affects its condition, you can make a smart decision when buying an older used car. Using the right approach can often help you avoid costly mistakes and drive away with confidence